Brief introduction to Linux kernel and shell Users new to Linux will want to familiarise themselves with the following: terminal is a program that opens a window and lets you interact with the shell shell is a program that takes commands from the keyboard and gives them to the operating system to perform. Bourne-Again shell, usually referred to as bash, which is the default shell for most Linux distributions. When you first login to a server, you will be dropped into the command prompt, or shell prompt, which is where you can issue commands to the server. The shell will forward its input (usually, from your own key presses) to the running program’s stdin, and it will forward the program’s output (stdout and stderr) to its own output (usually displayed on your screen). The shell is an interface that translates commands into some low-level calls to the kernel. kernel is the essential center of a computer operating system, the core that provides basic services f...