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The key thing to remember about MPLS is that it’s a technique, not a service — so it can be used to deliver anything from IP VPNs to metro Ethernet services, or even to provision optical services. So although carriers build MPLS backbones, the services that users buy may not be called “MPLS”. They could be called anything from “IP VPN” to “metro Ethernet”—or whatever the carriers’ marketing departments dream up next. The fundamental concept behind MPLS is that of labeling packets. In a traditional routed IP network, each  router  makes an independent forwarding decision for each packet based solely on the packet’s network-layer header. Thus, every time a packet arrives at a router, the router has to “think through” where to send the packet next. With MPLS, the first time the packet enters a network, it’s assigned to a specific forwarding equivalence class (FEC), indicated by appending a short bit sequence (the label) to the packet. Each router in the network has a tabl...

okay.. in this article I am going to explain how communication happens between the systems from the scratch. For this, first we need to understand the basic of network hardware in the computer system. Network hardware is the main crucial thing that makes a computer system to communicate with the other computers. The hardware that I was talking about is nothing but an NETWORK ADAPTER. Network adapter is also called network card or  network interface card (NIC). Network adapter is fixed to the hardware of the computer which consists of ports that makes the computer to connect to the network. The ports in network adapter are RJ-45 ports. RJ means Registered Jack. RJ is standardized physical network interface. The standard designs are RJ-11,RJ-45..etc. RJ-45  just looks like a port that is used by the landline telephone port. But, that is different from RJ-45 port. The port used by the telephone is RJ-11, RJ-11 is smaller than RJ-45. The cable used to connect the port is twi...

So, lets erase the confusion of what, which, when the data structure to be used through this article. As part of academic we are well known that, data structures are classified into Linear and Non-Linear Data Structures. Linear are the Data Structures like Array, Sorted Array, Stack, Queue, Linked List. Non-Linear are the Data Structures Like Binary Tree, Red-Black Tree, 2-3-4 Tree, Graph, Hash Table, Heap Array: Advantages: 1. Quick Insertion 2. Quick Access of any element in the array Disadvantages: 1. Slow Deletion 2. Slow Search Sorted Array: Advantages: 1. Quick Search 2. Quick Access of any element Disadvantages: 1. Slow Deletion, Insertion Stack: Advantages: 1. Last In First Out access Disadvantages: 1. Slow Access, Search for remaining elements Queue: Advantages: 1. First In First Out Access Disadvantages: 1. Slow Access, Search for other elements Linked List: Advantages: 1. Quick Insertion, Deletion Disadvantages: 1. Slow Search Binary T...

In this post I explain the funda of strorage networking including some creapy terms like SAN, NAS etc...  Storage networking is the practice of linking together storage devices and connecting them to other IT networks. Storage networks provide a centralized repository for digital data that can be accessed by many users, and they use high-speed connections to provide fast performance. It's most common to find storage networks in enterprise settings, although some vendors do sell networked storage products for consumers and small businesses. The phrase "storage networking" is commonly used in reference to storage area networks (SANs). A SAN links together multiple storage devices and provides block-level storage that can be accessed by servers. Some people also use the phrase "storage networking" in reference to   network attached storage (NAS)   devices. Similar to a file server, a NAS array is a standalone device that connects to a network and provides fi...

OpenDaylight is a community-led, open, industry-supported framework, for accelerating adoption, fostering new innovation, reducing risk and creating a more transparent approach to Software-Defined Networking. OpenDaylight is a Collaborative Project at The Linux Foundation. It is structured using open source development best practices, and is comprised of the leading organizations in the technology industry. For more Information on OpenDayLight project, Please visit http://www.opendaylight.org/ for complete tutorial on OpenDayLight project, http://networkstatic.net/opendaylight-openflow-tutorial/  

What is SDN?   If you follow any number of news feeds or vendor accounts on Twitter, you've no doubt noticed the term "software-defined networking" or SDN popping up more and more lately. Depending on whom you believe, SDN is either the most important industry revolution since Ethernet or merely the latest marketing buzzword (the truth, of course, probably falls somewhere in between). Few people from either camp, however, take the time to explain what SDN actually means. This is chiefly because the term is so new and different parties have been stretching it to encompass varying definitions which serve their own agendas. The phrase "software-defined networking" only became popular over roughly the past eighteen months or so. So what the hell is it? Before we can appreciate the concept of SDN, we must first examine how current networks function. Each of the many processes of a router or switch can be assigned to one of three conceptual planes of operatio...

Download samples   Table of Contents   1.   Introduction  2.   Background    3.   Sexy Features 3.1.   Extension Methods   3.2.   Anonymous Type   3.3.   Delegate   3.4.   Lambda Expression 3.5.   Async-Await Pair   3.6.   Generics   4.   Conclusion   1. Introduction     C#  is a very popular programming language. It is mostly popular in the .NET arena. The main reason behind that is the C# language contains so many useful features. It is actually a multi-paradigm programming language. Q.   Why do we call C# a muti-paradigm programming language? A.  Well, C# has the following characteristics:  Strongly typed   Object Oriented  Functional  Declarative Programming  Imperative Programming   Component based Programming Dynamic Programming ...